EIP-4844, also known as “Proto-Danksharding,” is an Ethereum Improvement Proposal that introduces a new transaction type specifically for “blob-carrying transactions.” Its primary purpose is to increase data availability for Layer 2 scaling solutions, particularly rollups, by providing a cheaper, temporary data storage mechanism on the Ethereum beacon chain. This EIP is a precursor to full danksharding, addressing scalability by separating rollup data from the expensive Ethereum Virtual Machine execution environment.
Mechanism
The mechanism of EIP-4844 involves the introduction of a new transaction format where a fixed amount of data, termed a “blob,” is committed to using KZG polynomials and included in a new “blob sidecar” attached to blocks. While the execution layer processes the transaction’s other data, the blob itself is stored by consensus nodes for a short period, ensuring data availability for rollups to verify their state transitions. The EVM cannot directly access blob data, optimizing for data availability rather than computation.
Methodology
The methodology behind EIP-4844 is a phased approach to Ethereum’s scalability, prioritizing data availability improvements for rollups as an immediate solution. It strategically decouples data storage from execution, allowing rollups to post their compressed transaction data more cost-effectively. This design prepares the network for future full danksharding by establishing the necessary cryptographic primitives and data structures, thereby facilitating a more scalable and efficient multi-layered blockchain ecosystem.
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